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Joint joints

Arthritis is a disease characterized by gradual destruction of joints due to changes in malnutrition in the tissue.According to whom, every tenth inhabitant of the earth faces this problem.After 50 years, the risk of disease is about 30%, and by 70 years, it reaches 80-90%.

Healthy joints, affected by joints

General information

Arthritis is a chronic, long-term process that not only affects the joints.As it progresses, malnutrition and degenerative changes are also surprising.During this process, the patient faces inflammation of the cartilage and bone tissue, the capsule and periosteal bags of the joints, and the muscles, ligaments and subcutaneous tissues that come into contact with them.

Regardless of the location, the pathological process will be performed according to a single protocol.First, in the thickness of the fabric, the balance between the growth process of cartilage and the destruction process is disturbed, and the balance transfer is conducive to malnutrition and reverse development (degeneration).Currently, seeing invisible changes in the eyes in the microstructure of the cartilage can cause it to become thinner and ruptured.

As the disease progresses, joints lose their elasticity and become more dense.This reduces its ability to depreciate, and the rate of tissue damage continues to increase due to micro-lineages during vibration and movement.The sparseness of the cartilage layer causes active growth of bone structures, resulting in spikes and ledges appearing on the smooth surface of the joints - the development of osteoarthritis.Exercise is becoming more and more limited and painful.Spasm development of muscles around the affected area, which aggravates the pain and deforms the limbs.

Disease stage

The joint nature of the joint gradually develops, and in this process, there are three sequential stages to determine the severity of the disease:

  • Stage 1: The pathology is not detected on X-rays or ultrasound, but the destruction process has been initiated; the composition of the joint fluid changes, so the benefits of its tissues are less than that of the nutrient organisms and become more sensitive.Increased load on the damaged area can lead to inflammation (arthritis) and pain;
  • The second stage is characterized by active destruction of the cartilage fabric, with bone spikes and growth along the edges of the joint platform (surface contact areas).Currently, pain becomes familiar and the inflammatory process becomes stronger or weaker.Pay attention to spasms related to muscle joints regularly.
  • Phase 3: The damaged area affects almost the entire surface of the cartilage, the joint platform deforms, and the injured limb deviates from its axis; the amount of movement decreases, and the ligaments are weakening and shortening.

Some experts also distinguish the IV stages of arthritis development.Its characteristic is that it is almost completely immobile.

type

According to the cause of the disease, major articular and secondary joint diseases are distinguished.In the first case, pathology occurs independently in the context of the combined effect of inducing factors.The secondary form is the outcome of other diseases and is divided into the following groups:

  • Joint damage caused by metabolic or endocrine diseases (gout, diabetes, giant tumour, acromegaly, hyperparathyroidism);
  • Destruction related to congenital pathology (PEDGET disease, congenital lip dislocation, scoliosis, hemophilia, etc.);
  • Post-traumatic arthritis, which occurs in the context of cracks, cracks, necrosis processes or surgical procedures, and is caused by characteristics of the industry.

What is most needed is the classification of osteoarthritis, depending on the location of the pathological process:

  • Gonadal tumor: lesions in the knee, one of which is tray-female articular-destruction of joints between femoral bone and the bone;
  • Arthritis of the ankle joint: occurs in the context of greater load and frequent injuries;
  • Arthritis of foot joints: The thumb is most commonly found at the junction with the foot; failed development in the context of gout or valgus deformation;
  • Shoulder arthritis is characterized by damage to the shoulder and is often found in the context of increased physical exercise (movement, athlete, builder).
  • COKSARTROSIS: Hip damage; perhaps these two are bilateral and are one of the common causes of disability among people over 50 years of age;
  • Vertebral bone: The destruction of the cartilage disc between the vertebrae usually affects the cervical and lumbar vertebrae;
  • Articity of brush joints: The joints of the fingers are most commonly affected, and this pathology is especially susceptible to menopausal women.
  • Arthritis in the temporomandibular joint: This is rare, usually a chronic inflammation background caused by bite disease or improper prosthesis;
  • Arthritis of the elbow joint: A rare form of this disease, often associated with injury in the area.

Reasons for development

The main factor in joint development is the mismatch between the test and the joint's ability to withstand this load.Acute or chronic, this process inevitably leads to tissue destruction.

A list of reasons for adding any localized joint risk includes:

  • Genetics
  • Endocrine pathology (diabetes);
  • Injury of joint equipment: bruises, dislocations, fractures or bone fractures inside joint bags, all or partial fractures of ligaments that penetrate the wound;
  • Regular increase in joint load related to the industry;
  • obesity;
  • Low temperature;
  • Metastatic inflammatory joint diseases: acute arthritis, tuberculosis, etc.;
  • Hematologic disease that often bleeds in the joints (hemophilia);
  • drastic changes in hormone background (pregnancy, menopause);
  • Local circulatory system diseases related to atherosclerosis, varicose veins, thrombus mass, etc.;
  • Autoimmune diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, etc.);
  • connective tissue (congenital pathology, concomitant, including excessive mobility of joints);
  • Congenital pathology of the musculoskeletal system (flat feet, dysplasia or congenital dislocation of the hip joint, etc.);
  • Ages over 45-50 years (increased risk is associated with a decrease in collagen synthesis);
  • osteoporosis (bone vacuum);
  • Long-term poisoning in the human body (including heavy metals, drugs, alcohol salt);
  • Surgical interventions for joints.

symptom

The symptoms of the joint are actually independent of its cause and localization, because the changes in the joint are based on the same situation.When the cartilage is severely damaged, the disease gradually develops and begins to appear.

One of the first signs of dysfunction is the tightening of the problematic area during exercise.Most of the time, it occurs when the knee or shoulder is damaged.Meanwhile, a person feels a slight decrease in mobility after a long period of inaction in the morning.

When asked what symptoms of arthritis occur, most patients call it pain first.At first, it is trivial and weak, and it gradually gains strength, thus preventing its normal movement.Depending on the stage and localization of pathology, a person may feel:

  • Starting Pain: It occurs during the first movement after a long period of no effect on the joint, which is related to the formation of the film cartilage surface of the damaged fabric; after starting work, the film changes and the discomfort disappears.
  • Pain of prolonged physical fatigue (stand, walking, running, etc.): occurs due to the reduction of impact absorption characteristics of joints;
  • Weather pain: caused by changes in low temperature, humidity, and atmospheric pressure;
  • Night pain: related to venous stagnation and increased blood pressure in the bones;
  • Joint blockade: A sharp, severe pain associated with erosion of a piece of cartilage or bone located in the joint cavity.

As the joints develop, the symptoms become more obvious, and the patient notices the following signs:

  • Increased morning stiffness;
  • Strengthen and increase the duration of pain;
  • Reduced liquidity;
  • joint deformation due to bone growth;
  • Deformation of bones and surrounding tissue: On the limbs and fingers of the hand, the process is very obvious, and they become noticeably curved.

When connecting inflammation, the affected area swells, blushes and touches hot.Pressing it will cause a sharp increase in pain.

Joint pain

Analysis and diagnosis

The diagnosis of arthritis is an orthopedic doctor.He conducted a detailed investigation of the patient to identify complaints and anatomy.The doctor gave a detailed description of the time of the first sign and its development speed, injuries and diseases, and relatives had similar problems.

General blood tests allow you to identify the inflammatory process, which is usually accompanied by arthritis.

The main method of diagnosis is radiographing.In the picture, the following signs are clearly visualized:

  • narrowing of joint space;
  • Change the profile of the contact bones;
  • The bone structure in the affected area is disturbed;
  • Bone growth (bone plants);
  • curvature of limb or finger axis;
  • Subluxation of the joint.

For more detailed diagnosis, prescriptions can be prescribed:

  • Computed tomography (CT);
  • magnetic resonance imaging (MRI);
  • Ultrasound of joints;
  • Arthroscopy (internal examination of the joint cavity using a camera introduced with a small click);
  • Scintane imaging (evaluating bone status and metabolism by introducing radiopharmaceuticals).

If the secondary nature of the disease is suspected, appropriate testing and consultation by a stenosis specialist is prescribed.

Treatment of joints

The choice of methods to treat joints and joints depends on the cause of the disease, its stage and symptoms.In the doctor's arsenal, there are:

  • poison;
  • Non-drug treatment;
  • Surgical method.

In addition, the patient needs to strictly observe his diet and adjust his lifestyle to minimize further damage to the joints.

Drug treatment

The appointment of the drug for arthritis achieves two main goals:

  • Eliminate pain and inflammation;
  • Repair the cartilage fabric, or at least stop further denaturation.

To promote the patient's condition, various types of medications are used:

  • Non-replacement anti-inflammatory drugs in the form of tablets, injections, ointments or candles; they can relieve pain and inflammation well;
  • Hormones (corticosteroids): Indicated in severe pain, they will usually be introduced directly into the joint cavity;
  • Other analgesics, such as tumor effects: helps reduce pain levels by relaxing muscles;

It is important to remember: All types of painkillers are only used to promote the patient's condition.They do not affect the condition of the cartilage and over time they can accelerate their destruction and cause serious side effects.

The main preparation for restoring joints today is cartilage protection agents.They help saturate the cartilage with nutrients, stop the monument and start the cell growth process.Means can only be effective in the early and average stages of disease development and are often used for a long time.

Preparations that improve tissue and anti-content microcirculation help enhance the effect of cartilage protectors.The former provides oxygen and nutrients to affected areas, while the latter slows down the process of tissue destruction.

Select a specific drug, dosage and management regimen choice.

Non-drug therapy

Non-pharmacological treatment includes the following methods:

  • physiotherapy:
    • Shockwave therapy: Due to the influence of ultrasound, it disrupts bone growth and stimulates blood circulation;
    • Automatic static stimulation: exposure to electrical pulses to stimulate muscle contraction;
    • Ultra-iron therapy: the effects of ultrasound using a combination of drugs;
    • Ozone therapy: Introducing a special gas mixture into the joint capsule;
  • Physical Therapy Sports;
  • Mechanical Therapy: Exercise therapy using simulator;
  • joint traffic that reduces load;
  • massage.

Surgical treatment

Most commonly, the surgeon’s help is needed during severe stages of the disease.Depending on the localization of the pathological process and the degree of lesion, prescriptions can be prescribed:

  • Puncture: A joint puncture by removing a portion of the fluid and administered according to the indication;
  • Corrective osteotomy: Remove part of the bone and then fixate from different angles to remove load from the joint;
  • Endogenous: Replace damaged joints with prostheses; for extremely neglected situations.

Arthritis in children

Arthritis is considered a disease in the elderly, but can also be found in children.The most common causes of pathology are:

  • congenital pathology of connective tissue;
  • Severe injury;
  • Genetics
  • Metabolic disorders and work of endocrine glands;
  • Orthopedic diseases (flat feet, scoliosis, etc.);
  • overweight.

Arthritis in children is rarely accompanied by obvious symptoms: pain is painful, with almost no stiffness and functional limitations.A change in otototototic was detected on X-rays, MRI and ultrasound.During treatment, the same products are used as adults.Focus on exercise and physical therapy to the greatest extent, as they are particularly effective at a young age.If not treated, the disease will sooner or later enter the advanced stage and will completely lose its mobility.

diet

Diet is one of the most important factors in treating joints.In case of excessive weight, it is necessary to reduce it to reduce the load on the joints.In this case, balanced diet and calorie deficiency are prescribed.Regardless of the body mass index, doctors recommend giving up altogether:

  • Fast carbohydrates (sugar, dessert, flour);
  • Alcohol;
  • spices;
  • Beans;
  • Strong tea and coffee;
  • Overfat and sharp dishes.

Canned food and internal organs are not excluded, but the content is large and the salt is not excluded.Ideal osteoarthritis nutrition includes:

  • Low-fat meat;
  • fish and seafood;
  • egg;
  • dairy products;
  • Flaxseed and olive vegetable oil;
  • Vegetables and fruits, lots of vegetables;
  • Moderate cereals, pasta from hard-packed pasta;
  • Products with high collagen content (jelly, pouring, jelly).

prevention

Jointness is easier to warn than treatment.To maintain joint health for many years, it is recommended:

  • Live an active lifestyle;
  • Exercise regularly and visit the pool;
  • Eat the right diet and use enough omega-3 and collagen;
  • Prevent BMI from exceeding;
  • Wear comfortable shoes.

If the disease is diagnosed early, it is recommended to receive regular spa treatment and exclude professional risk factors: long-term stay on the legs, weightlifting, severity, vibration.

Consequences and complications

Arthritis progresses very slowly.When performing a doctor's prescription, his current slows down greatly, which allows you to keep your joints mobility longer.Irreversible consequences without treatment:

  • Significant joint deformation;
  • Mobility reduced to complete loss (tociduous disease);
  • shortening of the limbs (damage of the knee or femoral joint);
  • Deformation of bones, curvature of limbs and fingers.

forecast

The prognosis of arthritis depends on the form of the disease, the degree and quality of its treatment.Pathology is one of the frequent causes of disability, in advanced cases, the ability to exercise and self-service.In cases of severe damage to the knee and hip joints, patients will receive the first or second disability group (depending on stage and the number of damage).